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Why Scientific Research Needs Cloud Computing for Big Data Management

Sai Rishika

@sairishika

November 29, 2024

Cloud Computing NASSCOM Cloud Summit 2021

This has seen modern scientific research embrace data to some extent. From gene sequencing to climate simulation, particle physics to astronomy, and space tourism, volumes of data are beyond comprehension. Effective and efficient handling, processing, and analyzing of such ‘big data’ is paramount to gaining insights on complex research findings for regimen and policy formulation. This is where cloud computing comes into play as a necessary asset. In the way that cost, accessibility, and innovative technologies scale cloud computing has significantly transformed how scientists address big data problems.

The struggle comes with big data, which has become a common problem for researchers worldwide.

Big data in science presents unique challenges that traditional computing systems often cannot handle:

Volume: There is a creation of very large datasets in research projects. For instance, the newly under-construction Square Kilometre Array (SKA) telescope is expected to generate exabytes of data every year that conventional systems cannot store and process.

Velocity: Data usually needs to be provided and analyzed in real-time or near real-time. This is important in areas such as astrophysics, where any lag may slow down findings, or epidemiology, where a delay may influence the final results.

Variety: Big data is available in three types of formats; structured, semi-structured, and unstructured such as datasets, images, SIMULATION, and text.

Veracity: Maintaining the accuracy and consistency of the data is highly significant when making scientific conclusions.

Collaboration: Research is a group activity that demands efficient data between teams, organizations or continents. Other conventional systems pose challenges to such access since they are not designed for extensive usage worldwide.

The Role of Cloud Computing

The use of Cloud computing gives a strong point in handling these issues. It provides application and consumption-based real-time usage of centralized resources in handling computation and data processing on the Internet. Here’s how it aligns with the needs of big data management in scientific research:

1. Scalability and Elasticity

Many scientific applications exhibit fluctuating and unpredictable workloads and hence require computational adaptability. With cloud computing, the resources can be easily adjusted up or down depending on the research process needs. For example, during a peak analysis phase, there is a possibility to involve more computational resources when necessary without buying additional hardware.

2. Cost-Effectiveness

It should be noted that the creation and expansion of on-premises infrastructure is financially unattainable for various research universities. Cloud computing is a cost-effective mechanism where users are charged based on their usage of services fundamentally, cloud computing is an elastic mechanism that allows the researcher high-performance resources within a short time with negligible initial setup costs. This disseminates the advancement in technology unknown to small institutions and individual researchers.

3. Application of High Performance Computing (HPC).

To this end, major cloud service providers such as Amazon Web Services (AWS), Microsoft Azure, and Google Cloud have developed HPC services specially targeted for the scientific community. These are strong virtual machines, GPU computing, and parallel processing tools through which scientists can easily simulate and analyze complex models.

4. Data Storage and Management

Cloud services offer almost inexhaustible space to store information with very effective instruments for handling. While using the tool, scientists can keep big data sets secured and easily sorted and recovered when required. Moreover, data replication of the information across diverse geographical regions ensures high availability accompanied by disaster recovery.

5. Cooperation and Presence

Cloud computing eliminates geographic dependency. Scientists internationally can download datasets, coordinate research, and experiment in one environment. Common programs like Google Workspace and Microsoft Teams and specific tools like Databricks apply team collaboration and encourage creativity.

6. From Resourcing, Predictive Modelling to Automation & Artificial Intelligence

Cloud platforms have incorporated sophisticated analytics & machine learning capabilities to researchers, which helps to better understand their data. For instance, Google’s Cloud AI is applied for analyzing astronomy results or AWS ML services designed for genomics.

Use Cases of Cloud Computing in Scientific Research

1. Genomics

The origin of big data in biology can be dated to the Human Genome Project. For example, even sequencing of a single genome yields terabytes of data today. Major industries such as AWS and Google Cloud help genomics researchers by allowing them to store and conduct research on large datasets. These platforms facilitate speedy analysis of genetic data; thus improving existing medical methods with specialized interest in disease diagnosis and research.

2. Climate Modeling

Many climate sciences are data-intensive and involve the analysis of data collected from satellites, sensors, and modeling systems. Through cloud computing, users can carry out massive modeling and simulation practices, expectations of climate change, and formulation of policies. For instance, Microsoft’s Azure has been used in putting into practice analytical models of climate change.

3. Astronomy

The very huge telescope project, the SKA telescope, has also collaborated with cloud providers to process and store data. Through cloud computing astronomers and other scientists studying cosmic occurrences can do so much faster and more effectively.

4. Epidemiology

During the COVID-19 outbreak, cloud computing helped monitor the spread of the contagious virus, analyze its genomic data, and help with the development of a vaccine. Tools such as Google Cloud, and AWS played a great role in allowing the researchers to share and analyze the data in real-time.

5. Particle Physics

CERN, the European Organization for Nuclear Research, produces petabytes of data every year from the Large Hadron Collider. With solutions based on a hybrid cloud, CERN can process this data and translate it into solutions and promotion of understanding concerning fundamental physicists.

Toward a Future Cloud Of Research Services

Accordingly, the requirement for combined cloud solutions will touch upon the development of scientific studies’ interdisciplinary form. In the future, Edge computing and quantum computing are expected to provide further improvement in managing big data in cloud environments. Similarly, cloud providers are investing in specific analytical research technologies and services to help scientists adopt these technologies.

In addition, the progress of science and share of findings on a proprietary basis, so-called ‘open science’, will be supported by cloud platforms. With open datasets on an accessible cloud and the tools for collaborative analysis provided, cloud computing can enhance the speed of research worldwide.

Conclusion

Cloud computing is essential for scientific research, enabling innovation, collaboration, and groundbreaking discoveries by addressing big data challenges. For those seeking expertise in this transformative field, cloud computing classes in Pune provide a valuable opportunity to stay ahead. As data complexity grows, cloud computing and research synergy become increasingly vital.

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Sai Rishika

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