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Treading on the Tech Track: 5 Key Modernization Initiatives by Railways in India
Treading on the Tech Track: 5 Key Modernization Initiatives by Railways in India

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At a time when ushering in modernization using cutting-edge technologies is a key imperative across organizations, the railways system in India is not far behind. Technologies like artificial intelligence (AI), cloud computing, radio frequency identification (RFID) are helping railway systems become more advanced and passenger friendly. Further, initiatives are also being undertaken to strengthen cybersecurity infrastructure.

Leveraging AI for security, passenger safety and avoiding train mishaps

The Namo Bharat trains by the National Capital Region Transport Corporation (NCRTC), launched in October 2023, leverage AI for numerous purposes. These trains, which are a part of the country’s first regional rapid transit system (RRTS), use an AI-enabled security system to detect any unlawful activities. Further, the baggage scanners installed use AI-enabled tools such as a dual view generator x-ray baggage inspection system. Using this, images of both the upper and lower parts of the bag passing through the scanner appear on the screen and the AI system automatically identifies the restricted/prohibited items and alerts the operator leading to heightened security.

Moreover, the train systems analyze real-time data and use AI algorithms to adjust train schedules and accommodate unforeseen disruptions or changes in passenger demand. This leads to a reduction in waiting times and improves punctuality. AI is also being used to forecast occupancy levels, guiding passengers out of high peaks, giving operators higher visibility on passenger distribution in trains and stations, and helping anticipate and control passenger density in real time.

Another interesting application of the technology has been development of an AI-based software called ‘Gajraj’ by Indian Railways that aims to prevent rising incidents of elephant and train collisions. The software uses and optical fibre cable (OFC) and triggers alerts upon detecting any questionable movement within 200 metres of the railway tracks. It identifies signal disruptions as signs of movement alongside the railway tracks and creates variations in the optical signals carried by the OFC, signalling a potential threat. The software has been successfully tested in Assam and is set to be deployed across 700 km of elephant corridors in multiple states including West Bengal, Odisha, Jharkhand, Assam, Kerala and certain parts of Chhattisgarh and Tamil Nadu.

Supporting digital transformation through RailCloud

The Indian Railways has its own cloud computing platform called RailCloud that provides scalable and flexible IT infrastructure to support digital transformation initiatives within the organization. It can accommodate extensive data and applications on the same server space and allows scaling up and down of storage space as and when required. The cloud platform helps streamline passenger services, including ticketing, inquiries, onboard services, and meal orders etc and leverages advanced software for real-time train monitoring and performance analysis.  

Strengthening cybersecurity of railway systems

To strengthen cybersecurity infrastructure, RailTel, the Indian Railways’ telecom arm has recently entered into a strategic partnership with Cylus to integrate and deploy CylusOneTM, its rail-specific cybersecurity solution. The partnership will focus on enhancing the security of railway signaling systems, both trackside, onboard, and SCADA systems within Indian railway infrastructure.

Preventing train collisions using RFID technology

The Indian Railways has indigenously developed an automatic train protection (ATP) system called ‘KAVACH’ that aims to prevent train collisions. It is based on RFID technology and activates the train’s braking system automatically if the driver fails to control the train as per speed restrictions. In addition, it prevents collision between two locomotives equipped with functional KAVACH systems. An added feature is the centralised live monitoring of train movements by using the network monitor system. ‘KAVACH’ is one of the cheapest, SIL-4 certified technologies where the probability of error is 1 in 10,000 years.

Recently, RailTel has signed a memorandum of understanding (MoU) with Quadrant Future Tek Limited for exploring and delivering ‘KAVACH’ implementation projects for Indian railways. The MoU lays out a framework for Quadrant to partner exclusively with RailTel for implementing KAVACH.

Use of IoT in the offing

Additionally, the Railway Board is reportedly considering using IoT technology to address passengers’ biggest complaint around unhygienic and unclean washrooms in trains. The project entails use of IoT-based technology to detect foul odours through sensors. The sensors would capture data on volatile compounds and molecules in the air and transmit them to a central hub, where the information will be analyzed and trigger automated responses to the sanitation crew. A Mumbai-based start-up that specializes in odour monitoring has been shortlisted for the project that will initially be tested in selected coaches.   

Fostering innovation in the future

As railway modernization continues, new and interesting applications of technology are set to emerge. One among these is the adoption of a super app by Indian Railways that is currently underway. The super app is expected to revolutionize the railway commuting experience and will be an all-in-one solution offering services including ticket booking, train tracking, and other railway-related tasks.

Meanwhile, a notable development on the policy front remains the recent grant of Navratna status to RailTel that will give the PSU greater autonomy to establish joint ventures overseas, access new markets, and leverage local expertise. This is also expected to foster innovation through enabling technological alliances both overseas and in India.  


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Kuhu Singh
Manager, Research

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