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Vision for creating Digital Public Infrastructure (DPIs) for India
Vision for creating Digital Public Infrastructure (DPIs) for India

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The world has witnessed India’s massive transformation over the last several years, driven by digital revolution at the core of its economic growth, with a vision to make India into a digitally empowered society and knowledge economy. The foundation of this digital revolution has been strengthened by the Digital Public Infrastructure (DPIs) or India Stack, enhancing the ability of the country to use digital technologies at a population scale to change the society.

The vision and background for creating DPIs hinges on a variety of factors. In the pre-digitized era, on one side, there was the presence of government organisations, with their internal applications and public systems, which led to innovation at its own pace. On the other end, there was emergence of private tech organisations, who with their own apps, platforms, operating systems etc. created a “walled garden”, controlling the user’s access to network-based content thus providing access to only select applications.

In the middle of all this, a differentiated approach was followed, which required the buy-in from the government and the technological prowess promised by the private tech giants. In the “DPI Approach”, the govt. worked with stakeholders to design “interoperable DPIs”, enabling other companies to build their own solutions, leading to an ecosystem solving citizen-centric problems.

 

DPI 1

 

 

To streamline the process, Digital India framework was created which consists of 3 layers –

  1. Solutions Layer – This layer includes solutions built using DPIs by government (including digital government services which are all the government services that have been digitized) and private entities (including all the solutions which have been built using DPIs as foundation). This streamlines access to essential public services, ensuring convenience, transparency, and inclusivity.
  2. Digital Public Infrastructure Layer - DPIs are digital utilities which create a foundation on which various digital services can be built. These refer to the solutions and systems that enable the effective provision of essential society-wide functions and services in the public and private sectors and include -
    1. Digital public platform - Non-exclusive, non-rivalrous digital networks that allows two or more parties to interact (with govt. involvement). These are sector specific platforms, enabling public service delivery and serve as catalysts for collaboration, fostering seamless communication and engagement.
    2. Digital public goods - Any open source, open data, open AI, software, etc., openly available to use, procured and deployed adhering to privacy & other applicable laws.
  3. Physical Infrastructure Layer - Physical layer (network, computing & storage) ensuring immersion, interaction, and persistence.

 

At the core of India’s digital revolution, the key DPIs with a strong foundation of interoperability, open-source principles, and consent-driven frameworks come together. Aadhaar, UPI, and DEPA exemplify these principles, enabling seamless digital identity, secure payments, and controlled data access. These DPIs not only enhance user experiences, but also foster collaboration between public and private entities.

The foundation or tech stack is built on 3 layers which are based on 3 guiding principles.

 

DPI 2

 

 

Indian DPIs represent critical layers on which various services are built. These include -

  • Identity layer, which enables secure and unique identification of individuals, and businesses and facilitates seamless authentication, verification, and integration of identity information, enabling efficient delivery of public and private services.
  • Payment layer, which facilitates secure and convenient transactions between individuals, businesses, and the government and aims to promote a cashless economy, enhance financial inclusion, and simplify the process of giving and receiving payments by leveraging technology and interoperable payment solutions.
  • Data Exchange layer, which provides a standardized, consent-driven, and interoperable platform where individuals, businesses, and government agencies can securely share and access data for various purposes, such as financial services, e-governance, education, healthcare, and more.

These are based on the guiding principles of DPIs of openness, interoperability, and trust and consent.

DPIs hold a vast potential in revolutionizing the entire Indian economy and the world and paints a hopeful picture of an interconnected, open, inclusive world with infinite possibilities, empowering everyone across the globe.

 

To know more about DPIs and how they impact Indian GDP, download the reports from the following links - 

Nasscom Community - https://community.nasscom.in/communities/digital-transformation/nasscom-arthur-d-little-indias-digital-public-infrastructure

Nasscom Website - https://nasscom.in/knowledge-center/publications/nasscom-arthur-d-little-indias-digital-public-infrastructure

 


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Vandhna Babu
Chief of Staff - President's Office

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