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Right now, we are going through the fourth industrial revolution or Industry 4.0. But, the era of technology might not have the same shape and size as of today but for their time, indeed, it was something for people to look at. Although the industrial revolution is considered a single ongoing event that started in the late 18th century, it can be better understood as four industrial revolutions. Each revolution was built upon the innovations of the prior revolution and led to more advanced forms of manufacturing processes.  

 

The first Industrial Revolution: The first industrial revolution started in the late 18th and early 19th centuries when the biggest changes came in industries in the form of benefits of mechanization wherein for the first time in history. Some animal or even human labor could be substituted by mechanical labor due to mechanization. Agriculture started to be replaced by industry as the backbone of the societal economy. 

 

The second Industrial Revolution: Almost a century later the second industrial revolution started in the late 19th and early 20th century which relied on the application of the principle of mass production along assembly lines, which was able to scale up manufacturing output with higher coordination between labor, tasks, processes, and machines. To this day, the Second Industrial Revolution is considered the most important one as the inventions of the automobile and the aircraft began in the 20th century. 

 

The third Industrial Revolution: The third Industrial Revolution began in the second half of the 20th century, wherein we see the emergence of yet another source of untapped source of energy which is the Nuclear energy! Also third industrial revolution brought forth the rise of electronics, telecommunications and, the computers. It opened the doors to research, space expeditions, and biotechnology through the new technologies using machines that are able to repeat a series of tasks under a relatively well-defined parameter and require minimal supervision. It also relied on the development of information technologies, initially with the digital computer, and then with information technologies by the end of the 20th century. This led to the formation of the internet. 

 

The fourth Industrial Revolution: The 4 Industrial Revolution is taking shape the worldwide economies are based on them. The manufacturing processes, the scale and scope of the output, and the customization of the products. Machines are therefore getting similar to the flexibility of human labor. They involve more than simple and repetitive tasks. Therefore the prime focus shifts to global value chains, which are a circular process of gathering resources and transforming them into parts, and products and distributing the finished goods to the markets, and finally again making these resources available through various recycling and reuse strategies. 

 

 


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