The use of this site and the content contained therein is governed by the Terms of Use. When you use this site you acknowledge that you have read the Terms of Use and that you accept and will be bound by the terms hereof and such terms as may be modified from time to time.
All text, graphics, audio, design and other works on the site are the copyrighted works of nasscom unless otherwise indicated. All rights reserved.
Content on the site is for personal use only and may be downloaded provided the material is kept intact and there is no violation of the copyrights, trademarks, and other proprietary rights. Any alteration of the material or use of the material contained in the site for any other purpose is a violation of the copyright of nasscom and / or its affiliates or associates or of its third-party information providers. This material cannot be copied, reproduced, republished, uploaded, posted, transmitted or distributed in any way for non-personal use without obtaining the prior permission from nasscom.
The nasscom Members login is for the reference of only registered nasscom Member Companies.
nasscom reserves the right to modify the terms of use of any service without any liability. nasscom reserves the right to take all measures necessary to prevent access to any service or termination of service if the terms of use are not complied with or are contravened or there is any violation of copyright, trademark or other proprietary right.
From time to time nasscom may supplement these terms of use with additional terms pertaining to specific content (additional terms). Such additional terms are hereby incorporated by reference into these Terms of Use.
Disclaimer
The Company information provided on the nasscom web site is as per data collected by companies. nasscom is not liable on the authenticity of such data.
nasscom has exercised due diligence in checking the correctness and authenticity of the information contained in the site, but nasscom or any of its affiliates or associates or employees shall not be in any way responsible for any loss or damage that may arise to any person from any inadvertent error in the information contained in this site. The information from or through this site is provided "as is" and all warranties express or implied of any kind, regarding any matter pertaining to any service or channel, including without limitation the implied warranties of merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, and non-infringement are disclaimed. nasscom and its affiliates and associates shall not be liable, at any time, for any failure of performance, error, omission, interruption, deletion, defect, delay in operation or transmission, computer virus, communications line failure, theft or destruction or unauthorised access to, alteration of, or use of information contained on the site. No representations, warranties or guarantees whatsoever are made as to the accuracy, adequacy, reliability, completeness, suitability or applicability of the information to a particular situation.
nasscom or its affiliates or associates or its employees do not provide any judgments or warranty in respect of the authenticity or correctness of the content of other services or sites to which links are provided. A link to another service or site is not an endorsement of any products or services on such site or the site.
The content provided is for information purposes alone and does not substitute for specific advice whether investment, legal, taxation or otherwise. nasscom disclaims all liability for damages caused by use of content on the site.
All responsibility and liability for any damages caused by downloading of any data is disclaimed.
nasscom reserves the right to modify, suspend / cancel, or discontinue any or all sections, or service at any time without notice.
For any grievances under the Information Technology Act 2000, please get in touch with Grievance Officer, Mr. Anirban Mandal at data-query@nasscom.in.
CDK validium is currently the most interesting and highly feasible upgrade on the Polygon ecosystem. Validium is designed to enhance the existing scalability, security, and privacy capabilities of Polygon CDK. However, as a new concept, there’s a lot of skepticism among web3 developers and enterprises related to the features, benefits, and use cases of CDK validium. That’s why we see a lack of clarity between CDK Validium and Polygon zkEVM. This guide will explain all the differences of CDK Validium vs Polygon zkEVM deployment, allowing anyone to understand the benefits, deployment approach, requirements, and other parameters for choosing one of these solutions.
What is Polygon CDK Validium?
CDK validium is a solution that performs transaction execution and maintain data availability off-chain. Which means, validiums doesnot store data on underlying Layer-1 chain. Instead, a DA layer with its DAC committee validates the transactions and generate hash that is stored on L1 network. Hence, validium maintains data availability outside of the Ethereum network by implementing a trusted sequencer, referred to as DAC or data availability committee. With that, CDK validium offers benefits like lower transaction fees and state privacy and data integrity. Projects building their CDK chain can adopt ‘validium’ mode for implementing a centralized sequencer, which enhances the throughput, speed, and security on the L1 chain.
What is Polygon zkEVM?
Polygon ZkEVM is a zero-knowledge-based rollup scaling solution that is fully EVM-equivalent, and it involves an off-chain transaction processing approach to increase the throughput and speed of Layer-1. Unlike CDK validium, Polygon zkEVM includes the data availability and execution verification in Layer-1 blockchain itself. Further, it uses Layer-2 rollup network to compute and validate the transactions. Once verified, the validity proofs are submitted on layer-1. Polygon zkEVM is basically a zk-powered public chain that allows dApps and other web3 projects to build on zkEVM’s highly scalable, secure, and low-cost ecosystem or seamlessly migrate from any Layer-1 network, let’s say Ethereum.
CDK Validium vs Polygon zkEVM – Analyzing all the deployment differences
For those who are deploying their projects on Polygon zkEVM or building their CDK chain, this section provides details on CDK validum vs Polygon zkEVM deployment. You can choose an approach based on your specific needs:
1- Comparing Hardware/software requirements
Following deploying a Polygon CDK validium:
Linux operating system
A minimum of 16GB RAM with 4-core CPU
Virtual machine and Hypervisor.
AMD64 architecture system
Docker.
Docker compose.
Web3 wallet. E.g Metamask
Access to native LXLY Bridge
For deploying on Polygon zkEVM network:
A Hypervisor
A Virtual Machine
Latest version of Ubuntu Linux.
Docker.
96-core CPU
Minimum 768GB RAM
Web3 wallet.
Access to Polygon zkEVM bridge.
2- Core components required for deployment
CDK Validium:
zkEVM node with Validum extension- As we know, CDK validium is powered by the Polygon zkEVM network. Hence, validium deployment requires a zkEVM node, which is further extended to support Validium-related operations, i.e. the data availability layer.
Data availability layer- This DA layer is a very crucial component of CDK validium, which is responsible for separating the transaction execution from the data storage mechanism so that the load on the mainchain is reduced significantly and privacy is preserved. To do this, the DA layer stores all the transaction data off-chain but publishes their verified hashes on the mainchain. All the operations on the DA layer are managed by DACs (Data Availability Committees) that are tasked to verify off-chain data and ensure their reliability and accessibility.
Validium-specific contract- CDK validium deployment requires a zkEVM smart contract plus a validium-specific DAC contract for enabling validum mode in your desired CDK chain and thereby implementing a dedicated layer for off-chain data storage, execution, and authentication.
Infrastructure- CDK validium needs a dedicated infrastructure that can manage all the rollup-specific elements (prover, aggregator, etc), plus manage the data availability layer and data availability committee (DACs).
Bridge- CDK validiums are independent Zk-powered rollup chains that need to maintain interoperability across them. By implementing a LXLY or any CDK-compatible bridge, this interoperability can be achieved easily.
Rollup-specific components: Sequencer, Synchronizer, Aggregator, and prover.
Other crucial components: JSON RPC, Pool DB, Etherma, and State DB.
zkEVM (rollup):
zkEVM node– The zkEVM node manages the whole Polygon zkEVM network, including execution of transactions, maintaining the network’s state, and enabling interaction with the Layer-1.
zkEVM contracts– The zkEVM smart contract allows zkEVM operations on Layer-1. For example, it allow seamless deployment of Ethereum smart contract on Polygon zkEVM network, allow projects to upgrade their contract code, instead of rewriting or creating the contract from scratch.
Infrastructure- Polygon zkEVM requires a standard Zk-rollup infrastructure to manage nodes, EVM, smart contracts, and rollup-specific elements such as prover, aggregator, sequencer, and synchronizer.
Bridge-Implementation of Polygon bridge or any Ethereum-compatible is crucial to enable bridging of assets from underlying Layer-1 blockchain to rollup network and conversely.
Validum-specific components-Synchronizer, Aggregator, Prover, and on-chain committees.
Other important components– JSON RPC, Pool DB, Sequencer, Etherman,PostgreSQL database, and State DB.
3- Transaction Data flow differences
CDK Validium:
As discussed, data flow in CDK validium requires a different approach as it posts only the hash of transaction data on the Layer-1 network. Below is the step-by-step explanation of CDK Validium’s data flow process:
The sequencer accumulates all the transactions from layer-1 and forms their batches.
The batched transactions are then sent to DACs for authentication.
DAC nodes independently authenticate the batched data and stores their hash in nodes’ local database.
The DAC nodes generate signatures for each batch’s hash.
The sequencer collects and submits these signatures and the batch hash to Layer-1 for further verification.
The smart contract on Layer-1 then validates the submitted signatures and provides approval for the batch hash.
Finally, the aggregator creates zero-knowledge proof for the batch and submits that to L1. This zk-proof confirms the integrity of the batch’s transactions, and thereby updating the CDK-chain’s state on Layer-1.
Polygon zkEVM:
Data flow in Polygon zkEVM is a little simplified than Validium. Let’s take a closer look at how it exactly happens:
Users submit their transactions to the Polygon zkEVM network.
The sequencer checks all the transactions, and then executes the valid transactions to add them into batches, and meanwhile updating its local L2 state.
Batches are then sequenced through sequencer nodes, verified before becoming a part of Layer-2’s virtual state.
The aggregator aggregates the sequenced batches and thereby creates their corresponding SNARK proof.
The zk-proofs are later submitted on-chain to ensure integrity of transactions executed and verified off-chain.
4- Difference in Deployment process
Deploying CDK validium deployment is closely similar to Polygon zkEVM deployment. However, there are some additional configurations and integration of specific components. In this regard, let’s first understand the step-by-step process of Polygon zkEVM deployment. After that, we will learn what additional deployments are required for CDK validium:
Steps for deploying Polygon zkEVM (rollup)
Installing all the dependencies
Creating wallets and zkEVM contract.
Deploying zkEVM node.
Configuring the prover and defining its services.
Allowing forced transactions, asset bridging and asset claiming.
Connecting to the live Polygon zkEVM network.
Steps for deploying CDK Validium chain-
For CDK Validium deployment, most of the above processes will remain the same, but you need to follow the given additional steps.
TL;DR for CDK Validium vs Polygon zkEVM Deployment
The below TL;DR highlights the key differences between CDK validium and Polygon zkEVM. Web3 projects must consider all these parameters while deploying their dApp on zkEVM network or building a CDK validium chain.
Projects building on CDK Validium and Polygon zkEVM
Polygon zkEVM is keeping its momentum with its rich ecosystem of projects like QuickSwap, Celer cBridge, 1 delta, Symbiosis Finance, Witnet, Scalar DAO, XY Finance, and Layerzero.
Speaking about the CDK Validum, it has gained huge traction as a fully open-source and flexible zk-powered appchain framework. Prominent projects like Canto, Astar Network, Immutable, Aavegotchi, Capx, IDEX, Gnosis pay, Palm, X1 Network are building their CDK chain.
Despite such growing popularity and addition of new projects, Polygon continually introduces new features, staying relevant overtime and surpass the expectations of web3 projects.
About The Author
Dr. Ravi Chamria is co-founder CEO of Zeeve Inc, an Enterprise Blockchain company. He has an experience of 18+ years in IT consulting spanning across Fintech, InsureTech, Supply Chain and eCommerce. He is an executive MBA from IIM, Lucknow and a prolific speaker on emerging technologies like Blockchain, IoT and AI/ML.
Passionate About: Blockchain, Supply Chain Management, Digital Lending, Digital Payments, AI/ML, IoT
That the contents of third-party articles/blogs published here on the website, and the interpretation of all information in the article/blogs such as data, maps, numbers, opinions etc. displayed in the article/blogs and views or the opinions expressed within the content are solely of the author's; and do not reflect the opinions and beliefs of NASSCOM or its affiliates in any manner. NASSCOM does not take any liability w.r.t. content in any manner and will not be liable in any manner whatsoever for any kind of liability arising out of any act, error or omission. The contents of third-party article/blogs published, are provided solely as convenience; and the presence of these articles/blogs should not, under any circumstances, be considered as an endorsement of the contents by NASSCOM in any manner; and if you chose to access these articles/blogs , you do so at your own risk.
Zeeve is an enterprise-grade Blockchain Infrastructure Automation Platform. Join the growing list of clients that trust us with their Blockchain initiatives
The field of education has evolved dramatically during the past few decades. To keep up with the ever-changing nature of technology, classroom instruction has evolved from verbal explanations and chalked-up diagrams to interactive online modules and…
The technological advancements in blockchain technology are promising, the reason being the core features such as decentralization, immutability, faster settlement, and better security.
Blockchain is empowering enterprises and individuals to…
When you're in the Metaverse, you won't feel like you're merely watching anything on your computer; you'll feel like you're there. High-definition, 360-degree 3D visuals will let you explore another universe. Also, your virtual self can interact…
The Substrate is an open-source framework that enables developers to build extensively customized blockchains. Straight out of the box, Substrate comes with support to connect to Polkadot and Kusama, which makes it the ideal framework for…
The users of MetaVerse, an online digital platform that is shared by its users, have the ability to connect with one another through the usage of virtual reality (VR) and augmented reality (AR). It is not under the authority of a single corporation…
The possibilities for virtual land it provides take center stage as the excitement surrounding the metaverse intensifies.
The metaverse is an immersive virtual world that imitates the actual, physical world utilizing augmented reality, virtual…
