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What Is System Design? - A Quick Explanation
What Is System Design? - A Quick Explanation

December 7, 2022

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The system design phase efficiently bridges the gap between the problem area and the existing system. This stage focuses on the implementation of the solution, or "how to?"

In this phase, the system's functionality is decided upon, and the SRS document is transformed into an implementable format.

 

The complex activity of system development is divided into various easier-to-manage sub-activities at this stage, all of which work together to achieve the overall objective of system development. 

 

System Design Inputs

Inputs used in system design include the following:

 

  • Declaration of work

 

  • Plan for determining needs

 

  • Analyzing the current scenario

 

  • Proposed system requirements include a conceptual data model, modified DFDs, and metadata (data about data).

 

Deliverables for System Design

The following are some results/outputs of the system design:

 

  • The proposed system will require infrastructure and organizational changes.
  • A relational schema for data, frequently.
  • We are defining the tables, files, and columns with metadata.
  • A visual depiction of the program architecture, such as a website map or function hierarchy diagram.
  • Code that is real or made up for each program module.
  • A model of the suggested system.

 

 

Types of System Design:

 

  • Logical Design

Logical design is an abstract representation of the system's inputs, outputs, and data flow. When specifying inputs (sources), outputs (results), databases (data storage), and processes, it offers a format that satisfies the user's needs (data flows).

 

The system analyst describes the user needs in such depth that it determines how information enters and exits the system and what data is required.

Sources when developing a system's logical design. E-R diagram modeling and data flow diagrams are employed.

 

  • Physical Design

The physical design impacts the system's actual input and output processes. The main focus is the techniques used to enter, verify, process, and output data from a system.

 

  • It builds the working system by creating the design specification, which specifies in-depth what the candidate system performs.
  • It is concentrated on user interface design, process design, and data design.
  • It entails the following actions:

 

  • Designing the database, defining backup methods, and describing the input/output media

 

  • Preparing to implement a system

 

  • Establishing a strategy for testing and implementing, finding new hardware, and outlining new software

 

  • Upgrading system limitations, costs, benefits, and conversion dates

 

  • Architectural Design

Because it focuses on developing system architecture, it is also known as high-level design. It describes the system's composition and operation. It explains how the various system development process modules are connected and organized.

 

  • Detailed Design

It adheres to architectural design and emphasizes the development of each module.

 

  • Data conceptual modeling

It is a representation in organizational data of all important entities and connections. System analysts build a conceptual data model for the current system to support the scope and requirements of the proposed system. The core goal of conceptual data modeling is capturing as much meaning from the data as possible. The E-R paradigm, which uses specialized notation to describe as much importance of the data as is practical, is the one most corporations use today.

 

  • Model of Entity Relationships

It is a method for database architecture that aids in describing the connections between different organizational entities.

 

E-R model terms include ENTITY. It describes unique real-world elements in a program. Such as a vendor, a product, a student, a course, a professor, etc.

 

Relationship: These are the crucial links that hold everything together. The tie between the two is established, for instance, when a vendor sells things and a teacher teaches classes.

 

Attributes: The characteristics of relationships are specified—for example, the vendor code or the student's name.

Organization of files

This method describes how data is stored in files.

 

There are four ways to organize files:

 

  1. Records are serialized and maintained in time order (in order as they are input or occur). The recording of phone bills, ATM transactions, and phone lines are a few examples.

 

  1. Records are retained in sequential order based on a required field, which contains a value that may be used to identify each record uniquely. For example, phone directories.

 

  1. By using the direct (relative) storage method, each record is kept based on a particular address or place on the gadget. The value saved in the record's key field calculates the address. The conversion is accomplished using a randomizing or hashing procedure.

 

  1. Records that have been indexed allow for both sequential and non-sequential processing.

 

 





 


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