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The mobility industry for the past many years has been rapidly evolving and the rising adoption of electric vehicles is a proof of that evolving mobility landscape. With the industry and the government placing increasing focus on sustainability, rising fuel prices, increasing CO2 emissions, and rising temperatures across the world etc., electric vehicles are seen as an attractive and affordable way to combat the global warming and adopt sustainable methods. Electrification has become an urgent need for automotive companies across the world and compelled them to develop electric variants and solutions for their vehicle models.

Electric vehicles are those automotive vehicles which have one or more electric motors for propulsion instead of a regular internal combustion engine (ICE).

An EV contains various components such as a battery pack, which includes battery management system and other Li-ion cells, electric drive containing the electric motor, gearbox and other harnesses, power electronics which includes the charger system, and other electronics modules. While an ICE vehicle contains fuel tanks, battery, transmission, exhaust systems, the spark ignited internal combustion engine and other electronic modules.

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There are different types of electric vehicles with varying degrees of electric components and modifications.

  1. Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV)- Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV) is a combination of conventional internal combustion engine (ICE) and an electric propulsion system (hybrid vehicle drivetrain stored in a battery) to make the engine more fuel efficient than the conventional vehicle. Through a process known as “regenerative braking,” the car’s electric battery gets a little recharge every time the driver touches the brakes.
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b. Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle (PHEV) - Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle (PHEV) is a hybrid electric vehicle whose battery pack can be recharged through an external plug-in electric charging source, in addition to a fuel tank.

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c. Battery Electric Vehicle (BEV) - Battery Electric Vehicle (BEV) is a pure electric vehicle which only uses chemical energy stored in rechargeable battery packs, with no secondary source of propulsion (i.e. hydrogen fuel cell, internal combustion engine, etc.).

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Image Source – e-amrit

 

There is another type as well - Fuel Cell Electric Vehicles (FCEV), which employ ‘fuel cell technology’ to generate the electricity required to run the vehicle. The chemical energy of the fuel is converted directly into electric energy. These are fast gaining prominence in India and NTPC is also planning to procure such vehicles for some pilot projects.

While the road is long, but massive headway is already being made which will propel Indian EV market to newer levels.

 

Read more insights in the report – “The Future is Electric - Discussion paper on Electric Vehicles in India”

NASSCOM Communityhttps://community.nasscom.in/communities/engineering-research-design/future-electric-discussion-paper-electric-vehicles-india

NASSCOM Website - https://nasscom.in/knowledge-center/publications/future-electric-discussion-paper-electric-vehicles-india


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Vandhna Babu
Principal Analyst - Research

Comment

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Hi Vandhna, your article is informative and clearly brings out the differences between hybrid EVs and battery EVs. People are increasing becoming conscious of their carbon footprint and at least some of them have starting putting EVs in their decision-making when they start thinking of purchasing a new car. It will be fascinating to see the adoption trajectory of battery EVs in India. Some key factors that are going to determine their accelerated adoption will be the price, styling and, most importantly, the assured availability of charging points/ battery swapping infrastructure.

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