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IoT Landscape – Context, Evolution and the IoT Stack
IoT Landscape – Context, Evolution and the IoT Stack

August 13, 2021

IOT

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One of the buzzwords in the Information Technology is IoT. IoT represents the next phase of the internet revolution. The technology makes it possible to bring physical devices to the digital realm. IoT is changing how we live, work, travel, and do business. The IoT aims to unify everything in our world under a common infrastructure, giving us not only control of things around us, but also keeping us informed of the state of the things.

This blog presents basic concepts of IoT landscape, how it has evolved over the years and the core technologies of IoT implementation.

Introduction of IoT

IoT is defined as an ecosystem of connected devices that exchange data over a wired or wireless network to deliver some preset conditional data, and derive both, intelligence and next-stage decisions, from that data. These devices could be smartphones, laptops, smart electric appliances, smart office equipment, or any device tagged with sensors. The below infographic explains IoT in a much simpler way:

IoT

Simply put, IoT is a network of physical objects that…

…contains embedded technology to communicate and sense or interact…

…with their internal states or the external environment.

IoT evolution from pre-2020 to 2021 (and beyond)

IoT has been always there in the technology ecosystem since past couple of decades. In the early evolution, the IoT was called with several names and it got its most recognized name, the “Internet of Things”, at the later stage of the evolution. In the 1990s, Internet connectivity began to proliferate in enterprise and consumer markets and has grown from IoC in the early 2000s that connected two or more computing devices over LAN or WAN networks, to the Internet of People, that flourished rapidly from 2010s to give us the Twitter, LinkedIn, Instagram that we know today. Now, we are in the IoT era where people-to-machine (and back), and M2M communications rule. An estimate suggests that by 2025, 60-67% of all data generated will be non-human or M2M. Internet connectivity became the norm for many applications and today is expected as part of many enterprise, industrial and consumer products to provide access to information. The below infographic briefly explains the IoT evolution over the years:

Evolution

From the technology/disruption viewpoint, 2010-2020 decade was renowned as a period of digital disruption that was majorly focused on tech adoption. This period witnessed industry convergence as firms saw competition. The year 2020, witnessed a surge in accelerated IoT adoption across multiple businesses and sectors. IOT was predicted to deliver one third of $100 trillion global GDP by 2030. In the following years (2021 and beyond) focused sectoral IoT implementation was seen. Acceleration of consumer/patient preference further pushed IoT applications in the healthcare and consumer sectors. Government of India’s digital transformation provided an imminent boost to India’s digital transformation imperative.

Core technologies of IoT implementation – IoT Technology stack

An IoT solution is formed of several elements, across hardware, software, and platforms, that each contributes to creating the IoT value chain, as illustrated.

STack

Concluding remarks

The true promise of the IoT is just starting to be realized – when invisible technology operates behind the scenes dynamically responding to how we want “things” to act. As IoT technology has already made itself comfortable in our homes, public spaces, offices and factories, and given the breakneck pace of its development, it seems that the hackneyed IoT phrase ‘anything that can be connected will be connected’ is ever closer to becoming our daily reality. Therefore, the real question should not be about when this will happen, but rather how the connections should be made to achieve the highest possible efficiency while retaining key features like security and cost-effectiveness.

Refer to our State of IoT – The Post Pandemic Resurgence report that provides a snapshot of the IoT technology from global and India viewpoint, highlighting key IoT use cases, trends, drivers and challenges in the space. 


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